Have you ever felt like a fraud in your QA role, constantly doubting your abilities despite your accomplishments? You’re not alone. Even the most skilled and experienced QA engineers often grapple with a nagging sense of inadequacy known as “Imposter Syndrome”.
This pervasive psychological phenomenon can be particularly challenging in the fast-paced, ever-evolving world of software testing. As QA professionals, we’re expected to catch every bug, anticipate every user scenario, and moreover stay ahead of rapidly changing technologies. It’s no wonder that many of us find ourselves questioning our competence, even when we’re performing at the top of our game.
In this blog post, however, we’ll dive deep into the world of Imposter Syndrome in QA. Specifically, we’ll explore its signs, root causes, and impact on performance and career growth. Most importantly, in addition, we’ll discuss practical strategies to overcome these self-doubts and create a supportive work culture that empowers QA engineers to recognize their true value. Let’s unmask the imposter and reclaim our confidence as skilled testers!
Understanding Imposter Syndrome in QAEngineer
Definition and prevalence in the tech industry
Imposter syndrome, a psychological phenomenon where individuals doubt their abilities and fear being exposed as a “fraud,” is particularly prevalent in the tech industry. In the realm of Quality Assurance (QA), this self-doubt can be especially pronounced. Studies suggest that, in fact, up to 70% of tech professionals experience imposter syndrome at some point in their careers.
Unique challenges for QA engineers and Imposter Syndrome
QA engineers face distinct challenges that, consequently, can exacerbate imposter syndrome:
Constantly evolving technologies
Pressure to find critical bugs
Balancing thoroughness with time constraints
Collaboration with diverse teams
These factors often lead to self-doubt and questioning of one’s abilities.
Common triggers in software testing
Trigger
Description
Impact on QA Engineers
Complex Systems
Dealing with intricate software architectures
Feeling overwhelmed and inadequate
Missed Bugs
Discovering issues in production
Self-blame and questioning competence
Rapid Release Cycles
Pressure to maintain quality in fast-paced environments
Stress and self-doubt about keeping up
Comparison to Developers
Perceiving coding skills as inferior
Feeling less valuable to the team
QA professionals often encounter these triggers, which can intensify imposter syndrome. Recognizing these challenges is the first step towards addressing and overcoming self-doubt in the testing field. As we explore further, we’ll delve into the specific signs that indicate imposter syndrome in QA professionals.
Signs of Imposter Syndrome in QA Professionals
QA engineers, despite their crucial role in software development, often grapple with imposter syndrome. Here are the key signs to watch out for:
Constant self-doubt despite achievements
Even accomplished QA professionals may find themselves questioning their abilities; consequently, this persistent self-doubt can manifest in various ways:
Attributing successes to luck rather than skill
Downplaying achievements or certifications
Feeling undeserving of promotions or recognition
Perfectionism and fear of making mistakes
Imposter syndrome, therefore, often fuels an unhealthy pursuit of perfection:
Obsessing over minor details in test cases
Excessive rechecking of work
Reluctance to sign off on releases due to fear of overlooked bugs
To compensate for perceived inadequacies, QA professionals may:
Work longer hours than necessary
Take on additional projects beyond their capacity
Volunteer for every possible task, even at the expense of work-life balance
Recognizing these signs is crucial for addressing imposter syndrome in the QA field; therefore, by understanding these patterns, professionals can take steps to build confidence and validate their skills.
Root Causes of Imposter Syndrome in Testing
Rapidly evolving technology landscape
In the fast-paced world of software development, QA engineers face constant pressure to keep up with new technologies and testing methodologies; Moreover, this rapid evolution can lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt, as testers struggle to stay current with the latest tools and techniques.
High-pressure work environments
QA professionals often work in high-stakes environments where the quality of their work directly impacts product releases and consequently, user satisfaction. This pressure, therefore, can exacerbate imposter syndrome, causing testers to question their abilities and value to the team.
Comparison with developers and other team members
Testers frequently work alongside developers and other specialists; therefore, this can lead to unfair self-comparisons. This tendency to measure oneself against colleagues with different skill sets, therefore, can fuel imposter syndrome and undermine confidence in one’s unique contributions.
Lack of formal QA education for many professionals
Many QA engineers enter the field without formal education in testing, often transitioning from other roles or learning on the job. This non-traditional path can contribute to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt, especially when working with colleagues who have more traditional educational backgrounds.
Factor
Factor
Technology Evolution
The constant need to learn and adapt
Work Pressure
Fear of making mistakes or missing critical bugs
Team Dynamics
Unfair self-comparisons with different roles
Educational Background
Feeling less qualified than formally trained peers
To combat these root causes, QA professionals should:
Embrace continuous learning
Recognize the unique value of their role
Focus on personal growth rather than comparisons
Celebrate their achievements and contributions to the team
As we move forward, we’ll further explore how imposter syndrome can impact a QA professional’s performance and career growth, shedding light on the far-reaching consequences of this psychological phenomenon.
Impact on QA Performance and Career Growth
The pervasive nature of imposter syndrome can significantly affect a QA engineer’s performance and career trajectory. Let’s explore the various ways this phenomenon can impact quality assurance professionals:
Hesitation in sharing ideas or concerns
QA engineers experiencing imposter syndrome therefore often struggle to voice their opinions or raise concerns, fearing they might be perceived as incompetent. This reluctance can lead to:
Missed opportunities for process improvements
Undetected bugs or quality issues
Reduced team collaboration and knowledge sharing
Reduced productivity and job satisfaction
Imposter syndrome can take a toll on a QA engineer’s productivity and overall job satisfaction:
Impact Area
Consequences
Productivity
Excessive time spent double-checking work Difficulty in making decisions Procrastination on challenging tasks
Job Satisfaction
Increased stress and anxiety Diminished sense of accomplishment Lower overall job enjoyment
Missed opportunities for advancement
Self-doubt can hinder a QA professional’s career growth in several ways:
Reluctance to apply for promotions or new roles
Undervaluing skills and experience in performance reviews
Avoiding high-visibility projects or responsibilities
Potential burnout and turnover
The cumulative effects of imposter syndrome can lead to:
Emotional exhaustion
Decreased motivation
Increased likelihood of leaving the company or even the QA field
Addressing imposter syndrome is crucial for QA professionals because it helps them to unlock their full potential and achieve long-term career success. In the next section, therefore, we’ll explore effective strategies to overcome these challenges and build confidence in your abilities as a quality assurance expert.
Strategies to Overcome Imposter Syndrome
Now that we understand the impact of imposter syndrome on QA professionals, let’s explore effective strategies to overcome these feelings and boost confidence.
Stage 1: Recognizing and acknowledging feelings
The first step in overcoming imposter syndrome is to identify and accept these feelings. Keep a journal to track your thoughts and emotions, noting when self-doubt creeps in. This awareness will help you address these feelings head-on.
Stage 2: Reframing negative self-talk
Challenge negative thoughts by reframing them positively. Use the following table to guide your self-talk transformation:
Negative Self-Talk
Positive Reframe
I’m not qualified for this job
I was hired for my skills and potential
I just got lucky with that bug find
My attention to detail helped me uncover that issue
I’ll never be as good as my colleagues
Each person has unique strengths, and I bring value to the team
Stage 3: Documenting achievements and positive feedback
Create an “accomplishment log” to record your successes and positive feedback. This tangible evidence of your capabilities can serve as a powerful reminder during moments of self-doubt.
Stage 4: Embracing continuous learning
Stay updated with the latest QA trends and technologies. Attend workshops, webinars, and conferences to expand your knowledge. Remember, learning is a lifelong process for all professionals.
Stage 5: Building a support network
Develop a strong support system within and outside your workplace. Consider the following ways to build your network:
Join QA-focused online communities
Participate in mentorship programs
Attend local tech meetups
Collaborate with colleagues on cross-functional projects
By implementing these strategies, QA engineers can gradually overcome imposter syndrome and build lasting confidence in their abilities. Next, we’ll explore how organizations can foster a supportive work culture that helps combat imposter syndrome among their QA professionals.
Creating a Supportive Work Culture
A supportive work culture is crucial in combating imposter syndrome among QA engineers. By fostering an environment of trust and collaboration, organizations can help testers overcome self-doubt and thrive in their roles.
Promoting open communication
Encouraging open dialogue within QA teams and across departments helps reduce feelings of isolation and inadequacy. Regular team meetings, one-on-one check-ins, and anonymous feedback channels can create safe spaces for QA professionals to voice their concerns and share experiences.
Encouraging knowledge sharing
Knowledge-sharing initiatives can significantly boost confidence and combat imposter syndrome. Consider implementing:
Lunch and learn sessions
Technical workshops
Internal wikis or knowledge bases
These platforms allow QA engineers to showcase their expertise and learn from peers, reinforcing their value to the team.
Implementing mentorship programs
Mentorship programs play a vital role in supporting QA professionals:
Acknowledging the efforts and achievements of QA professionals is essential for building confidence:
Highlight QA successes in team meetings
Include QA metrics in project reports
Celebrate bug discoveries and process improvements
Provide opportunities for QA engineers to present their work to stakeholders
By implementing these strategies, organizations can create a supportive environment that empowers QA engineers to overcome imposter syndrome and reach their full potential.
Imposter syndrome is a common challenge faced by QA engineers, even those with years of experience and proven track records. By recognising the signs, understanding the root causes, and acknowledging its impact on performance and career growth, testers can take proactive steps to overcome these feelings of self-doubt. Implementing strategies such as self-reflection, continuous learning, and seeking mentorship can help build confidence and combat imposter syndrome effectively.
Creating a supportive work culture is crucial in addressing imposter syndrome within QA teams. Organizations that foster open communication, provide constructive feedback, and celebrate individual achievements contribute significantly to their employees’ professional growth and self-assurance. By confronting imposter syndrome head-on, QA engineers can unlock their full potential, drive innovation in testing practices, and advance their careers with renewed confidence and purpose.
What is a Computer System Validation Process (CSV)?
Computer System Validation or CSV is also called software validation. CSV is a documented process that tests, validates, and formally documents regulated computer-based systems, ensuring these systems operate reliably and perform their intended functions consistently, accurately, securely, and traceably across various industries.
Computer System Validation Process is a critical process to ensure data integrity, product quality, and compliance with regulations.
Why Do We Need Computer System Validation Process?
Validation is essential in maintaining the quality of your products. To protect your computer systems from damage, shutdowns, distorted research results, product and sample loss, unstable conditions, and any other potential negative outcomes, you must proactively perform the CSV.
Timely and wise treatment of failures in computer systems is essential, as they can cause manufacturing facilities to shut down, lead to financial losses, result in company downsizing, and even jeopardize lives in healthcare systems.
So, Computer System Validation Process is becoming necessary considering following key points-
Regulatory Compliance: CSV ensures compliance with regulations such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Good Clinical Practices (GCP), and Good Laboratory Practices (GLP). By validating systems, organisations adhere to industry standards and legal requirements.
Risk Mitigation: By validating systems, organisations reduce the risk of errors, data loss, and system failures. QA professionals play a vital role in identifying and mitigating risks during the validation process.
Data Integrity: CSV safeguards data accuracy, completeness, and consistency. In regulated industries, reliable data is essential for decision-making, patient safety, and product quality.
Patient Safety: In healthcare, validated systems are critical for patient safety. From electronic health records to medical devices, ensuring system reliability is critical.
How to implement the Computer System Validation (CSV) Process?
You can consider your computer system validation when you start a new product or upgrade an existing product. Here are the key phases that you will encounter in the Computer System Validation process:
Planning: Establishing a project plan outlining the validation approach, resources, and timelines. Define the scope of validation, identify stakeholders, and create a validation plan. This step lays the groundwork for the entire process.
Requirements Gathering: Documenting user requirements and translating them into functional specifications and technical specifications.
Design and Development: Creating detailed design and technical specifications. Develop or configure the system according to the specifications. This step involves coding, configuration, and customization.
Testing: Executing installation, operational, and performance qualification tests. Conduct various tests to verify the system’s functionality, performance, and security. Types of testing include unit testing, integration testing, and user acceptance testing.
Documentation: Create comprehensive documentation, including validation protocols, test scripts, and user manuals. Proper documentation is essential for compliance.
Operation: Once validated, you can put the system into operation. Regular maintenance and periodic reviews are necessary to ensure ongoing compliance.
Approaches to Computer System Validation(CSV):
As we study, the CSV involves several steps, including planning, specification, programming, testing, documentation, and operation.Perform each step correctly, as each one is important. CSV can be approached in various ways:
Risk-Based Approach: Prioritize validation efforts based on risk assessment. Identity critical functionalities and focus validation efforts accordingly. This approach includes critical thinking, evaluating hardware, software, personnel, and documentation, and generating data to translate into knowledge about the system.
Life Cycle Approach: This approach breaks down the process into the life cycle phases of a computer system, which are concept, development, testing, production, maintenance and then validate throughout the system’s life cycle phases. This helps to follow continuous compliance and quality.
Scripted Testing: This approach can be robust or limited. Robust scripted testing includes evidence of repeatability, traceability to requirements, and auditability. Limited scripted testing is a hybrid approach that scales scripted and unscripted testing according to the risk of the system.
“V”- Model Approach: Align validation activities with development phases. The ‘V’ model emphasizes traceability between requirements, design and testing.
Process-Based Approach: Validate based on the system’s purpose and processes it serves. First one need to understand how the system interacts with users, data and other systems.
GAMP (Good Automated Manufacturing Practice) Categories: Classify systems based on complexity. It provides guidance on validation strategies for different categories of software and hardware.
Documentation Requirements:
Here are the essential documents for CSV during its different phases:
Validation Planning:
Project Plan:Document outlining the approach, resources, timeline, and responsibilities for CSV.
User Requirements Specification (URS):
User Requirements Document: Defines what the user wants a system must do from a user’s perspective. The system owner, end-users, and quality assurance write it early in the validation process, before the system is created. The URS essentially serves as a blueprint for developers, engineers, and other stakeholders involved in the design, development, and validation of the system or product.
Functional Specification (FS):
Functional Requirements: Detailed description of system functions, it is a document that describes how a system or component works and what functions it must perform.Developers use Functional Specifications (FSs) before, during, and after a project to serve as a guideline and reference point while writing code.
Design Qualification (DQ):
It is specifically a detailed description of the system architecture, database schema, hardware components, software modules, interfaces, and any algorithms or logic used in the system.
Functional Design Specification (FDS): Detailed description of how the system will meet the URS.
Technical Design Specification (TDS): Technical details of hardware, software, and interfaces
Configuration Specification (CS):
Additionally, Specifies hardware, software, and network configurations settings and how these settings address the requirements in the URS.
Installation Qualifications (IQ):
Installation Qualification Protocol: Document verifying that the system is installed correctly.
Operational Qualification (OQ):
Operational Qualification Protocol: Therefore, document verifying that the system functions as intended in its operational environment and fit to be deployed to the consumers.
Performance Qualification (PQ):
Performance Qualification Protocol: Document verifying that the system consistently performs according to predefined specifications under simulated real-world conditions.
Risk Scenarios:
Additionally identification and evaluation of potential risks associated with the system and its use and mitigation strategies.
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs):
SOP Document, specifically is a set of step-by-step instructions for system use, maintenance, backup, security, and disaster recovery.
Change Control:
Change control refers to the systematic process of managing any modifications or adjustments made to a project, system, product, or service. It ensures that all proposed changes undergo a structured evaluation, approval, implementation, and subsequently its impact and documentation process.
Training Records:
Moreover, documentation of training provided to personnel on system operation and maintenance.
Audit Trails:
In summary, an audit trail is a sequential record of activities that have affected a device, procedure, event, or operation. It can be a set of records, a destination, or a source of records. Audit trails can include date and time stamps, and can capture almost any type of work activity or process, whether it’s automated or manual.
Periodic Review:
Scheduled reviews of the system to ensure continued compliance and performance. Additionally, periodic review ensures that your procedures are aligned with the latest regulations and standards, reducing the risk of noncompliance. Consequently, regular review can help identify areas where your procedures may not be in compliance with the regulations.
Validation Summary Report (VSR):
Validation Summary Report: Consolidates all validation activities performed and results obtained. Ultimately, it is a key document that demonstrates that the system meets its intended use and complies with regulations and standards. It also provides evidence of the system’s quality and reliability and any deviations or issues encountered during the validation process
It provides a conclusion on whether the system meets predefined acceptance criteria.
Traceability Matrix (TM):
Links validation documentation (URS, FRS, DS, IQ, OQ, PQ) to requirements, test scripts, and results.
Also known as Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM) or Cross Reference Matrix (CRM)
By following these processes and documentation requirements, organizations can ensure that their computer systems are validated to operate effectively, reliably, and in compliance with regulatory requirements.
Conclusion
Computer System Validation (CSV) Process, therefore, is essential for ensuring that computer systems in regulated industries work correctly and meet safety standards. By following a structured validation process, organizations can protect data integrity, improve product quality, and reduce the risk of system failures.
Moreover, with ongoing validation and regular reviews, companies can stay compliant with regulations and adapt to new challenges. Ultimately, investing in a solid Computer System Validation approach not only enhances system reliability but also shows a commitment to quality and safety for users and stakeholders alike.
Trupti is a Sr. SDET at SpurQLabs with overall experience of 9 years, mainly in .NET- Web Application Development and UI Test Automation, Manual testing. Having hands-on experience in testing Web applications in Selenium, Specflow and Playwright BDD with C#.
Right test Automation Tools – Automation Testing is becoming increasingly essential for accelerating release cycles and enhancing software quality. While it can save significant time and effort, the success of automation largely depends on choosing the right tool for the job. Rather than opting for the most popular option, it’s crucial to select a tool that aligns with your specific project needs.
Here’s a simple breakdown of the key factors to consider for choosing the Right Test Automation Tools.
Start by asking: What does my project really need?
1. Understand Your Project Requirements
Before anything, get a clear picture of what your project needs in terms of testing.
Application Type: Are you testing a web, mobile, or desktop app? Some tools focus on one, while others handle multiple platforms.
For example:
Web apps may also need cross-browser testing or UI/Usability checks.
Mobile apps might require testing across Android, iOS, and tablets; therefore, Will you use real devices or emulators?
Type & Level of Testing: What kind of testing does your project demand — whether it’s functional, non-functional, regression, or integration?
Functional Testing: Make sure the tool supports the platforms and technologies your app uses (e.g., APIs, databases).
Non-Functional Testing: You’ll also want a tool that can handle Performance testing , Load testing and Security testing.
Regression Testing: Consider a tool that simplifies updating test scripts as the application evolves.
Technology Stack: The tool should therefore work well with the technology your application is built on.
Example:
Furthermore, ensure it supports programming languages your team knows (Java, Python, C#) and integrates smoothly with your CI/CD pipelines (Jenkins, GitLab).
If your app uses Angular, Protractor might be a good fit.
2. Mind Your Budget
Automation tools come with various costs, and it’s important to budget wisely.
Learning Time: If the tool is easy to learn, your team can become productive faster, saving both time and money.
Efficiency: Tools that make it quick and simple to create and maintain test cases will save resources in the long run.
Human Resources: Therefore, Consider using AI-based or low-code/no-code tools that reduce the need for manual intervention and specialized skills, which can lower costs.
Maintenance Costs: Furthermore, don’t forget the long-term factor in costs for upgrades, support, and maintenance throughout the project.
Open-Source vs Paid: Open-source tools can help reduce costs upfront, while paid tools often offer advanced features, support, and flexible pricing. Some offer free trials or team subscriptions to give you a chance to evaluate before committing.
3. Consider Your Team’s Skill Set
The tool you choose should match your team’s skill set.
Beginner Team: If your team is new to automation, opt for low-code or codeless tools that are user-friendly and quick to adopt.
Advanced Team: If your team is well experienced, go for a tool with more customization options to take full advantage of their expertise.
The ease of adoption directly impacts your team’s productivity and the overall success of your automation efforts.
4. Scalability and Maintenance
Automation isn’t a one-time activity. Over time, your test cases will need updates.
Test Case Maintenance: As your app evolves, old test cases may no longer find bugs (“pesticide paradox”). Look for tools that make it easy to update and maintain test scripts.
Self-Healing Abilities: Some tools can automatically adapt to minor changes in your application, reducing the need for constant script updates.
Customization: Choose tools that allow users to customize their tests based on their skills and project needs, so both beginners and experts can work effectively.
5. Integration with Test Case Management, Defect Management and Version Control Systems
The right tool should integrate smoothly with your Test Case Management, defect management and version control systems.
Test Case Management: Ensure the tools support the integration with Test Case management tools to make sure the tests are marked as automated, generate test execution reports etc.
Defect Reporting: Ensure the tool can easily track and report bugs.
Version Control: Some tools let you track changes over time, so you can compare previous and current versions. This can be crucial for debugging and maintaining test integrity.
6. Collaboration and Communication
Collaboration between teams is key for successful automation. Look for tools with features that improve teamwork.
Automated Notifications: Some tools offer features that notify team members of updates or executions in real time, keeping everyone on same page.
Cross-Department Collaboration: Tools with shared dashboards or collaborative features can improve team coordination.
7. Robust Reporting Mechanism
Detailed reports are a must! You’ll want to quickly identify problem areas and track progress.
Step-by-Step Logs: Look for tools that provide step-by-step logs, screenshots, video recordings, and error logs.
Graphical visualizations: Visual reports provide an instant overview of testing results, helping you identify issues faster.
8. AI Integration
AI-driven tools can significantly enhance automation by.
Auto-generating code: Reducing the time needed for script creation.
Improving test coverage: By generating various combinations of test data and scenarios.
Self-healing: Automatically adjust test scripts when application elements change, reducing maintenance efforts.
Conclusion
Selecting the right automation tool is more than just picking the most popular option. By understanding your project requirements, budget, team skills, and long-term scalability needs, you can make an informed choice. The right tool will not only fit your technical needs but also help your team work more efficiently and deliver higher-quality products faster.
Manisha is a Lead SDET at SpurQLabs with overall experience of 3.5 years in UI Test Automation, Mobile test Automation, Manual testing, database testing, API testing and CI/CD. Proven expertise in creating and maintaining test automation frameworks for Mobile, Web and Rest API in Java, C#, Python and JavaScript.
“The Right Testing Pyramid is a widely adopted concept in software testing methodologies; therefore, it guides teams in structuring their automated testing efforts efficiently.”
While planning to build a product, we need to carefully balance the different components of the product whether its software, hardware or a combination of both.
To create a successful and valuable product, you need to ensure several key aspects.
User Needs and Requirements, Quality, Reliability, User experience, Security, Privacy, Scalability, Compatibility, documentation, compliance etc.
Quality and reliability are essential pillars for every product; therefore, whether it is software, hardware, or a blend of both, they remain crucial. They are indispensable in ensuring customer satisfaction and, therefore, in the creation of superior products.
The Right Testing Pyramid, therefore, acts as a mediator in achieving high quality and reliability in software development through its structured approach to testing at different levels.
The software development project begins with the use of Testing Pyramid concepts and, moreover, maintains them throughout its lifecycle.
How does the Right Testing Pyramid organize software testing into different layers?
Mike Cohn introduced the right testing pyramid as an analogy for structuring software testing; Consequently, it has become widely adopted in engineering circles and remains the industry standard. The right testing pyramid conceptually organizes testing into three layers.
At the bottom of the pyramid are unit tests. These tests check small parts of the code like functions or classes to make sure they work correctly. Unit tests run the code directly and check the results without needing other parts of the software or the user interface; therefore, they are more isolated and efficient.
Moving up one level from unit tests, we have integration tests (or service tests). These tests check how different parts of the system work together, like making sure a database interacts correctly with a model, or a method retrieves data from an API. They don’t need to use the user interface; instead, they interact directly with the code’s interfaces.
At the top of the pyramid are end-to-end tests (E2E), also known as UI tests. These tests simulate real user interactions with the application to ensure its functionality. Unlike a human conducting manual testing, E2E tests automate the process entirely. They can click buttons, input data, and verify the UI responses to ensure everything functions correctly.
As you can observe, the three types of tests vary significantly in their scopes:
Unit tests are quick and efficient, pinpointing logic errors at the basic code level. They demand minimal resources to execute.
Integration tests validate the collaboration between services, databases, and your code. They detect issues where different components meet.
E2E tests require the entire application to function. They are thorough and demand substantial computing power and time to complete.
Why We Should Use Testing Pyramid?
The characteristics of each test type determine the shape of the pyramid.
Unit tests are small-scale and straightforward to create and manage. Due to their focused scope on specific code segments, we typically require numerous unit tests. Fortunately, their lightweight nature allows us to execute thousands of them within a few seconds.
End-to-end (E2E) tests are more challenging to create and maintain, use a lot of resources, and take longer to run. They validate a wide range of application functions with just a few tests, so they need fewer tests overall.
In the middle of the testing pyramid, integration tests are comparable in complexity to unit tests. However, we require fewer integration tests because they focus on testing the interfaces between components in the application. Integration tests demand more resources to execute compared to unit tests but are still manageable in terms of scale.
Do you understand why the pyramid has its shape? Each layer represents the recommended amount of different types of tests: a few end-to-end tests, some integration tests, and lots of unit tests.
As you move up the pyramid, tests become more complex and cover more of the code. This means they take more effort to create, run, and maintain. The testing pyramid helps balance this effort by maximizing bug detection with the least amount of work.
The Testing Pyramid shape often naturally appears in software development and testing for several reasons:
1. Progressive Testing Needs: Initially, developers focus on unit tests because they are quick to write and provide immediate feedback on individual code units. As the project progresses and we integrate more components, we naturally need integration tests to ensure these components work together correctly.
2. Development Lifecycle: At the outset of a project, there’s typically a focus on building core functionalities and prototypes. End-to-end tests, which require a functional application, are challenging to implement early on. Developers prioritize unit and integration tests during this phase to validate foundational code and ensure basic functionality.
3. Developers can run unit tests frequently during development because they are lightweight and execute quickly. Integration tests require more resources but are still feasible as the project advances. We defer end-to-end tests until later stages when the application matures due to their complexity and dependency on a functional UI.
4. Adoption of Testing Frameworks: Frameworks like Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) encourage writing acceptance tests (including E2E tests) from the project’s outset. When teams adopt such frameworks, they are more likely to incorporate end-to-end testing earlier in the development process.
In essence, the pyramid shape reflects a natural progression in testing strategies based on the evolution of the software from its initial stages to more mature phases. Developers and testers typically begin with unit tests, add integration tests as they build components, and implement end-to-end tests once the basic functionality stabilizes.
Another factor influencing the pyramid is test speed.
Developers run faster tests more frequently, providing crucial feedback quickly for productive development.
Tests at the bottom of the pyramid are quick to run, so developers write many of them. Fewer end-to-end tests are used because they are slower. For example, a large web app might have thousands of unit tests, hundreds of integration tests, and only a few dozen end-to-end tests.
Test Type
Order of Magnitude
Unit Test
0.01 – 0.0001 s
Integration
1 s
E2E Test
10 s
Test Speed
Realtime Usage in Industry –
Unit Tests (Bottom of the Pyramid):
Purpose: Unit tests are the foundation of the pyramid, representing the largest number of tests at the lowest level of the application.
Scope: They validate the functionality of individual components or modules in isolation.
Characteristics: Unit tests are typically fast to execute, isolated from external dependencies, and provide quick feedback on code correctness.
Tools: Automated unit testing frameworks such as JUnit, NUnit, and XCTest are commonly used for this layer.
Service/API Tests (Middle of the Pyramid):
Purpose: Service tests validate interactions between various components or services within the application.
Scope: They ensure that APIs and services behave correctly according to their specifications.
Characteristics: Service tests may involve integration with external dependencies (like databases or third-party services) and focus on broader functionality than unit tests.
Tools: Tools like Postman, RestAssured, and SoapUI are often used for automating service/API tests.
UI Tests (Top of the Pyramid):
Purpose: UI tests validate the end-to-end behavior of the application through its user interface.
Scope: They simulate user interactions with the application, checking workflows, navigation, and overall user experience.
Characteristics: UI tests are typically slower and more fragile compared to lower-level tests due to their dependence on UI elements and changes in layout.
Tools: Selenium WebDriver, Cypress.io, and TestCafe are examples of tools used for automating UI tests
Conclusion
The Right Testing Pyramid is a strategic model that emphasizes a balanced and structured approach to testing. It helps teams achieve efficient and effective quality assurance by prioritizing a higher number of unit tests, a moderate number of integration tests, and a focused set of end-to-end tests. This approach not only optimizes testing efforts but also supports rapid development cycles and ensures robust software quality. Some key principles of right test pyramid concluded here :
Automation Coverage: The pyramid emphasizes a higher proportion of tests at the lower levels (unit and service/API tests) compared to UI tests. This optimizes test execution time and maintenance efforts.
Speed and Reliability: Tests at the lower levels are faster to execute and more reliable, providing quicker feedback to developers on code changes.
Isolation of Concerns: Each layer focuses on testing specific aspects of the application, promoting better isolation of concerns and improving test maintainability.
By following the Test Automation Pyramid, teams can achieve a balanced automation strategy that maximizes test coverage, minimizes maintenance overhead, and enhances the overall quality of their software products.
Assistant SDET Manager proficient in Manual, Automation, API
My expertise extends to technologies such as Selenium,Behave,Postman,SQL,GitHub,
Python, Java. I am keen to learn new technologies and tools for test automation
Ensuring smooth functionality and an excellent user experience for web applications is more important than ever in today’s digital world. As web applications become increasingly complex, however, traditional testing methods often struggle to meet the demands of modern development. Modern UI automation frameworks, therefore, offer powerful tools for comprehensive and reliable testing.
JavaScript, the backbone of web development, is central to many automation frameworks due to its versatility. Cypress, in fact, has gained popularity for its ease of use, powerful features, and developer-friendly approach, making it a standout in this space. It also streamlines the process of writing, executing, and maintaining automated tests, making it an essential tool for developers and testers alike.
In this blog, we’ll delve into Modern UI automation with JavaScript and Cypress, starting with the setup and then moving on to advanced features like real-time reloading and CI pipeline integration. By the end, you’ll have the knowledge to effectively automate UI testing for modern web applications, whether you’re a seasoned developer or new to automation.
Prerequisites for Modern UI Automation Framework
Before embarking on your journey with JavaScript and Cypress for Modern UI Automation, ensure you must have the following tools in your system and some basic understanding of the technologies i.e. Cypress, Automation, JavaScript and some coding knowledge.
Node.js and npm
Both Node.js and npm are essential for managing dependencies and running your Cypress tests.
VS Code offers a powerful and user-friendly environment for working with JavaScript but also seamlessly integrates with the Cypress framework for modern UI automation. It provides syntax highlighting, code completion, debugging tools, and extensions that can significantly enhance your development experience.
Familiarity with fundamental JavaScript concepts like variables, functions, and object-oriented programming will therefore crucial for writing automation scripts and interacting with the browser.
Cypress is the core framework for your end-to-end (E2E) tests; consequently, it offers a user-friendly interface and powerful capabilities for interacting with web elements.
Here, we’ve looked at the things we need before we start.
Installation for Modern UI Automation Framework
How to Install Node.js on Windows?
What is Node.js?
Node.js is a runtime environment that enables JavaScript to run outside of a web browser; consequently, it allows developers to build scalable and high-performance server-side applications. Originally, JavaScript was confined to client-side scripting in browsers, but with Node.js, it can now power the backend as well.
For testers, Node.js unlocks powerful automation capabilities but also supports tools and frameworks like WebDriver.io and Puppeteer, which automate browser interactions, manage test suites, and perform assertions. Node.js also facilitates custom test frameworks and seamless integration with testing tools. Additionally, it enables running tests in headless environments, ideal for continuous integration pipelines. Overall, Node.js enhances the effectiveness of JavaScript-based testing, improving software quality, speeding up development and UI Automation.
Key Features of Node.js
Asynchronous and Event-Driven: Node.js library APIs work asynchronously; consequently, they are non-blocking. The server moves to the next API call without waiting for the previous one to complete, therefore it using event mechanisms to handle responses efficiently.
High Speed: Built on Google Chrome’s V8 JavaScript engine, Node.js therefore executes code very quickly.
Single-Threaded but Highly Scalable: Node.js uses a single-threaded model with event looping. This event-driven architecture allows the server to respond without blocking, making it highly scalable compared to traditional servers. Unlike servers like Apache HTTP Server, which create limited threads to handle requests, Node.js can handle thousands of requests using a single-threaded program.
No Buffering: Node.js applications do not buffer data; instead they output data in chunks.
Steps to Install Node.js on Windows for UI Automation:
Double-click on the .msi installer to open the Node.js Setup Wizard.
Click “Next” on the Welcome to Node.js Setup Wizard screen.
Accept the End-User License Agreement (EULA) by checking “I accept the terms in the License Agreement” and click “Next.”
Choose the destination folder where you want to install Node.js and click “Next.”
Click “Next” on the Custom Setup screen.
When prompted to “Install tools for native modules,” click “Install.”
Wait for the installation to complete and click “Finish” when done.
Verify the Installation
Open the Command Prompt or Windows PowerShell.
Run the following command to check if Node.js was installed correctly:
node -v
If Node.js was installed successfully, the command prompt will print the version of Node.js installed.
By following these steps, you can install Node.js on your Windows system and start leveraging its capabilities for server-side scripting and automated testing.
How to Install Visual Studio Code (VS Code) on Windows?
What is Visual Studio Code (VS Code)?
Visual Studio Code (VS Code) is a free, open-source code editor developed by Microsoft. It features a user-friendly interface and powerful editing capabilities. VS Code supports a wide range of programming languages and comes with built-in features for debugging, syntax highlighting, code completion, and Git integration. It also offers a vast ecosystem of extensions to customize and extend its functionality.
Steps to Install VS Code for UI Automation
Visit the Official VS Code Website
Open any web browser like Google Chrome or Microsoft Edge.
Click the “Download for Windows” button on the website to start the download.
Open the Downloaded Installer
Once the download is complete, locate the Visual Studio Code installer in your downloads folder.
Double-click the installer icon to begin the installation process.
Accept the License Agreement
When the installer opens, you will be asked to accept the terms and conditions of Visual Studio Code.
Check “I accept the agreement” and then click the “Next” button.
Choose Installation Location
Select the destination folder where you want to install Visual Studio Code.
Click the “Next” button.
Select Additional Tasks
You may be prompted to select additional tasks, such as creating a desktop icon or adding VS Code to your PATH.
Select the options you prefer and click “Next.”
Install Visual Studio Code
Click the “Install” button to start the installation process.
The installation will take about a minute to complete.
Launch Visual Studio Code
After the installation is complete, a window will appear with a “Launch Visual Studio Code” checkbox.
Check this box and then click “Finish.”
Open Visual Studio Code
Visual Studio Code will open automatically.
You can now create a new file and start coding in your preferred programming language.
By following these steps, you have successfully installed Visual Studio Code on your Windows system. You are now ready to start your programming journey with VS Code.
Create Project for Modern UI Automation Framework
Creating a Cypress project in VS Code is straightforward. Follow these steps to get started:
Steps to Create a Cypress Project in VS Code
Open VS Code:
Launch VS Code on your computer.
Click on Files Tab:
Navigate to the top-left corner of the VS Code interface and click on the “Files” tab.
Select Open Folder Option:
From the dropdown menu, choose the “Open Folder” option. This action will prompt a pop-up file explorer window.
Choose Project Location:
Browse through the file explorer to select the location where you want to create your new Cypress project. For this example, create a new folder on the desktop and name it “CypressJavaScriptFramework”.
Open Selected Folder:
Once you’ve created the new folder, select it and click on the “Open” button. VS Code will now automatically navigate to the selected folder.
Congratulations! You’ve successfully created a new Cypress project in VS Code. On the left panel of VS Code, you’ll see your project name, and a welcome tab will appear in the editor.
Now, we are all set to start building your Cypress project in Visual Studio Code!
What is Cypress?
Cypress is a modern, open-source test automation framework designed specifically for web applications and used to UI automation also. Unlike many other testing tools that run outside of the browser and execute remote commands, Cypress operates directly within the browser. This unique architecture enables Cypress to offer fast, reliable, and easy-to-write tests, making it an invaluable tool for developers and testers.
Cypress’s architecture allows it to control the browser in real-time, providing access to every part of the application being tested. This direct control means that tests can interact with the DOM, make assertions, and simulate user interactions with unparalleled accuracy and speed.
Cypress Architecture for Modern UI Automation Framework:
Cypress automation testing operates on a NodeJS server. It uses the WebSocket protocol to create a connection between the browser and the Node.js server. WebSocket’s allow full-duplex communication, enabling Cypress to send commands and receive feedback in real time. This means Cypress can navigate URLs, interact with elements, and make assertions, while also receiving DOM snapshots, console logs, and other test-related information from the browser.
Let’s break down the components and how they interact:
User Interaction:
The process begins with a user interacting with the web application. This includes actions like clicking buttons, selecting values from drop-down menus, filling forms, or navigating through pages.
Cypress Test Scripts:
Developers write test scripts using JavaScript or TypeScript. These scripts simulate user interactions and verify that the application behaves as expected.
Cypress Runner:
The Cypress Runner executes the test scripts. It interacts with the web application, capturing screenshots and videos during the tests.
Proxy Server:
A proxy server sits between the Cypress Runner and the web application. It intercepts requests and responses, allowing developers to manipulate them.
Node.js:
Cypress runs on Node.js, providing a runtime environment for executing JavaScript or TypeScript code.
WebSocket:
The WebSocket protocol enables real-time communication between the Cypress Runner and the web application.
HTTP Requests/Responses:
HTTP requests (e.g., GET, POST) and responses are exchanged between the Cypress Runner and the application server, facilitating the testing process.
By understanding these components and their interactions, you can better appreciate how Cypress effectively automates testing for modern web applications and UI Automation.
Features of the Cypress
Time Travel: Cypress captures snapshots of your application as it runs, allowing you to hover over each command in the test runner to see what happened at every step.
Real-Time Reloads: Cypress automatically reloads tests in real-time as you make changes, providing instant feedback on your changes without restarting your test suite.
Debuggability: Cypress provides detailed error messages and stack traces, making it easier to debug failed tests. It also allows you to use browser developer tools for debugging purposes.
Automatic Waiting: Cypress automatically waits for commands and assertions before moving on, eliminating the need for explicit waits or sleeps in your test code.
Spies, Stubs, and Clocks: Cypress provides built-in support for spies, stubs, and clocks to verify and control the behavior of functions, timers, and other application features.
Network Traffic Control: Cypress allows you to control and stub network traffic, making it easier to test how your application behaves under various network conditions.
Consistent Results: Cypress runs in the same run-loop as your application, ensuring that tests produce consistent results without flaky behavior.
Cross-Browser Testing: Cypress supports testing across multiple browsers, including Chrome, Firefox, and Edge, ensuring your application works consistently across different environments.
CI/CD Integration: Cypress integrates seamlessly with continuous integration and continuous deployment (CI/CD) pipelines, enabling automated testing as part of your development workflow.
Advantages of Cypress
Easy Setup and Configuration: Cypress offers a simple setup process with minimal configuration, allowing you to start writing tests quickly without dealing with complex setup procedures.
Developer-Friendly: Cypress is designed with developers in mind, providing an intuitive API and detailed documentation that makes it easy to write and maintain tests.
Fast Test Execution: Cypress runs directly in the browser, resulting in faster test execution compared to traditional testing frameworks that operate outside the browser.
Reliable and Flake-Free: Cypress eliminates common sources of flakiness in tests by running in the same run-loop as your application, ensuring consistent and reliable test results.
Comprehensive Testing: Cypress supports a wide range of testing types, including end-to-end (E2E), integration, and unit tests, providing a comprehensive solution for testing web applications.
Rich Ecosystem: Cypress has a rich ecosystem of plugins and extensions that enhance its functionality and allow you to customize your testing setup to suit your specific needs.
Active Community and Support: Cypress has an active and growing community that provides support, shares best practices, and contributes to the development of the framework.
Seamless CI/CD Integration: Cypress integrates seamlessly with CI/CD pipelines, enabling automated testing as part of your development workflow. This integration ensures that tests are run consistently and reliably in different environments, improving the overall quality of your software.
Cypress’s unique features, reliability, and ease of use make it an ideal choice for developers and testers looking to ensure the quality and performance of their web applications.
By leveraging Cypress in your JavaScript projects, you can achieve efficient and effective UI automation, enhancing the overall development lifecycle.
Cypress Framework Structure
In a Cypress project, the folder structure is well-defined to help you organize your test code, configuration, plugins, and related files. Here’s a breakdown of the typical folders and files we will encounter:
1. cypress/ Directory
Purpose: This is the root directory where all Cypress-related files and folders reside.
2. cypress/e2e/ Directory
Purpose: This is where you should place your test files.
Details: Cypress automatically detects and runs tests from this folder. Test files typically have .spec.js or .test.js file extensions.
3. cypress/fixtures/ Directory (Optional)
Purpose: Store static data or fixture files that your tests might need.
Details: These can include JSON, CSV, or text files.
4. cypress/plugins/ Directory (Optional)
Purpose: Extend Cypress’s functionality.
Details: Write custom plugins or modify Cypress behavior through plugins.
5. cypress/support/ Directory (Optional)
Purpose: Store various support files, including custom commands and global variables.
Details:
commands.js (Optional): Define custom Cypress commands here to encapsulate frequently used sequences of actions, making your test code more concise and maintainable.
e2e.js (Optional): Include global setup and teardown code for your Cypress tests. This file runs before and after all test files, allowing you to perform tasks like setting up test data or cleaning up resources.
6. cypress.config.js File
Purpose: Customize settings for Cypress, such as the base URL, browser options, and other configurations.
Location: Usually found in the root directory of your Cypress project.
Details: You can create this file manually if it doesn’t exist or generate it using the Cypress Test Runner’s settings.
7. node_modules/ Directory
Purpose: Contains all the Node.js packages and dependencies used by Cypress and your project.
Details: Usually, you don’t need to change anything in this folder.
8. package.json File
Purpose: Defines your project’s metadata and dependencies.
Details: Used to manage Node.js packages and scripts for running Cypress tests.
9. package-lock.json File
Purpose: Ensures your project dependencies remain consistent across different environments.
Details: Automatically generated and used by Node.js’s package manager, npm.
10. README.md File (Optional)
Purpose: Include documentation, instructions, or information about your Cypress project.
11. Other Files and Folders (Project-Specific)
Purpose: Depending on your project’s needs, you may have additional files or folders for application code, test data, reports, or CI/CD configurations.
Folder Structure Overview
The folder structure is designed to keep your Cypress project organized and easy to maintain:
Main Directories:
cypress/e2e/: Where you write your tests.
cypress.config.js: Where you configure Cypress.
Optional Directories:
fixtures/: For test data.
plugins/: For extending Cypress functionality.
support/: For custom commands and utilities.
This structure helps you customize your testing environment and keep everything well-organized.
Now let’s start to install Cypress and Configure in our project.
Cypress Install and Configuration:
We’re now ready to dive into the Cypress installation and configuration process. With Node.js, VS Code, and a new project named “CypressJavaScriptFramework” set up, let’s walk through configuring Cypress step-by-step.
Open Your Project: Start by opening the “CypressJavaScriptFramework” project in VS Code.
Open a New Terminal: From the top-left corner of VS Code, open a new terminal.
Initialize Node.js Project: Verify your directory path and run the below command to initialize a new Node.js project and generate a package.json file.
npm init –y
Install Cypress: Install Cypress as a development dependency with the below command. Once installed, you’ll find Cypress listed in your package.json file. As of this writing, the latest version is 13.13.1.
npm install –save-dev cypress
Configure Cypress: To open the Cypress Test Runner, run the below command.
npx cypress open
Upon first launch, you’ll be greeted by Launchpad, which helps with initial setup and configuration.
Step 1: Choosing a Testing Type
The first decision we will make in the Launchpad is selecting the type of testing you want to perform:
E2E (End-to-End) Testing: This option runs your entire application and visits pages to test them comprehensively.
Component Testing: This option allows you to mount and test individual components of your app in isolation.
Here we must select E2E Testing.
What is E2E Testing?
End-to-End (E2E) testing is a method of testing that validates the functionality and performance of an application by simulating real user scenarios from start to end. This approach ensures that all components of the application, including the frontend and backend, work together seamlessly.
After selecting E2E Testing Configuration Screen where we just have to click on Continue button.
Step 2: Quick Configuration
Next, the Launchpad will automatically generate a set of configuration files tailored to your chosen testing type. You’ll see a list of these changes, which you can review before continuing. For detailed information about the generated configuration, you can check out the Cypress configuration reference page.
After clicking on Continue button we will notice some changes in the framework few Configuration files will be added in the Framework which are cypress.config.js cypress/ directory cypress directory Fixtures and Support directory
The description of these file s and folders we have seen in start of blog.
Step 3: Launching a Browser
Finally, the Launchpad will display a list of compatible browsers detected on your system. You can select any browser to start your testing. Don’t worry if you want to switch browsers later; Cypress allows you to change browsers at any point of time.
As in my system I have Chrome and Edge browser installed. Cypress also have the inbuild browser which is called as “Electron”
What is Electron Browser?
Electron is an open-source framework that allows developers to build cross-platform desktop applications using web technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It combines the Chromium rendering engine and the Node.js runtime, enabling you to create desktop apps that function seamlessly across Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Key Points:
Cross-Platform Compatibility: Develop applications that work on Windows, macOS, and Linux.
Chromium-Based: Uses Chromium, the same rendering engine behind Google Chrome, for a consistent browsing experience.
Node.js Integration: Allows access to native OS functionalities via Node.js, blending web technologies with desktop capabilities.
Used by Popular Apps: Many well-known applications like Slack, Visual Studio Code, and GitHub Desktop are built using Electron.
Electron provides the flexibility to build powerful desktop applications with the familiarity and ease of web development.
Now, you’re ready to hit the start button and embark on your testing journey with Cypress!
In this article we will use chrome browser for that we have to select Chrome and click on “Start E2E Testing in Chrome”. Then we will land on Cypress runner screen here we have 2 options
Scaffold example specs: Automatically generate example test specifications to help you get started with Cypress.
Create new specs: Manually create new test specifications to tailor your testing needs and scenarios.
Here we will use Scaffold example specs.
Scaffolding Example Specs
Use: Scaffolding example specs in Cypress generates predefined test files that demonstrate how to write and structure tests.
Reason: Providing example specs helps new users quickly understand Cypress’s syntax and best practices, making it easier to start writing their own tests and ensuring they follow a proper testing framework.
Once we select Scaffold example specs option, we will notice in framework few files are added in cypress directory under e2e directory.
Finally, we have installed cypress, configured and now we can run Scaffolding Example Specs. Now we will add our own file and execute it with cypress runner and from Command Line. Before that we will go through the Cypress Testing components.
Cypress Testing Components
Let’s understand Cypress Testing Components used while automation.
describe() Block: Groups related tests and provides structure.
it() Blocks: Defines individual test cases, focusing on specific functionalities.
Hooks: Manage setup and teardown processes to maintain a consistent test environment.
Assertions: Verify that the application behaves as expected by comparing actual results to expected results.
describe() Block
The describe() block in Cypress is used to group related test cases together. It defines a test suite, making it easier to organize and manage your tests.
Purpose:
The describe() block provides a structure for your test cases, allowing you to group tests that are related to a particular feature or functionality. It helps in maintaining a clean and organized test suite, especially as your test cases grow in number.
Example:
describe('Login Functionality', () => {
// Nested describe block for more granular organization
describe('Valid Login', () => {
it('should log in successfully with valid credentials', () => {
// Valid Login Script
});
});
describe('Invalid Login', () => {
it('should display an error message with invalid credentials', () => {
// Invalid Login Script
});
});
});
it() Blocks
The it() block defines individual test cases within a describe() block. It contains the actual code for testing a specific aspect of the feature under test.
Purpose:
Each it() block should test a single functionality or scenario, making your test cases clear and focused. This helps in identifying issues quickly and understanding what each test is verifying.
Example:
describe('Form Submission', () => {
it('should successfully submit the form and show a success message', () => {
// Form Submission Script
});
});
Hooks
Hooks are special functions in Cypress that run before or after tests. They are used to set up or clean up the state and perform common tasks needed for your tests.
Types of Hooks:
before(): Executes once before all tests in a describe() block.
beforeEach(): Runs before each it() block within a describe() block.
after(): Executes once after all tests in a describe() block.
afterEach(): Runs after each it() block within a describe() block.
Purpose:
Hooks are useful for setting up test environments, preparing data, and cleaning up after tests, ensuring a consistent and reliable test environment.
Example:
describe('User Registration', () => {
before(() => {
// Runs once before all tests
});
beforeEach(() => {
// Runs before each test
});
afterEach(() => {
// Runs after each test
});
after(() => {
// Runs once after all tests
});
it('Valid Login', () => {
// Valid Login Script
});
Assertions
Assertions are statements that check if a condition is true during the test execution. They verify that the application behaves as expected and helps identify issues when the actual results differ from the expected results.
Purpose:
Assertions validate the outcomes of your test cases by comparing actual results against expected results. They help ensure that your application functions correctly and meets the defined requirements.
Example:
describe('Homepage Content', () => {
it('should display the correct page title', () => {
cy.visit('/');
cy.title().should('equal', 'Expected Page Title');
});
it('should have a visible welcome message', () => {
cy.visit('/');
cy.get('.welcome-message').should('be.visible');
cy.get('.welcome-message').should('contain', 'Welcome to our website!');
});
});
These components work together to create a comprehensive and organized test suite in Cypress, ensuring your application is thoroughly tested and reliable.
Create Test File
Before diving into test file creation, let’s define the functionalities. We will automate the Calculator.net web application and will focus on basic arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
Here’s a breakdown of the test scenarios:
1. Verify user able to do addition
Visit Calculator.net
Click on two numbers (e.g., 1 and 2)
Click the “+” operator
Click on another number (e.g., 1)
Click the “=” operator
Verify the result is equal to 3
Click the “reset” button
2. Verify user able to do Subtraction
Visit Calculator.net
Click on a number (e.g., 3)
Click the “-” operator
Click on another number (e.g., 1)
Click the “=” operator
Verify the result is equal to 2
Click the “reset” button
3. Verify user able to do Multiplication
Visit Calculator.net
Click on a number (e.g., 2)
Click the “*” operator
Click on another number (e.g., 5)
Click the “=” operator
Verify the result is equal to 10
Click the “reset” button
4. Verify user able to do Division
Visit Calculator.net
Click on a number (e.g., 8)
Click the “/” operator
Click on another number (e.g., 2)
Click the “=” operator
Verify the result is equal to 4
Click the “reset” button
Optimizing with Hooks:
As you noticed, visiting Calculator.net and resetting the calculator are common steps across all scenarios. To avoid code repetition, we’ll utilize Cypress hooks:
beforeEach: Execute this code before each test case. We’ll use it to visit Calculator.net.
afterEach: Execute this code after each test case. We’ll use it to reset the calculator.
Now, let’s create the test file and add the code below to Calculator.cy.js file.
/// <reference types="cypress" />
import selectors from '../fixtures/Selectors.json';
describe('Calculator Tests', () => {
before(() => {
cy.log('Tests are starting...');
});
beforeEach(() => {
cy.visit('https://www.calculator.net');
});
afterEach(() => {
cy.get(selectors.cancelButton).click();
});
after(() => {
cy.log('All tests are finished.');
});
it('Verify user able to do addition', () => {
cy.get(selectors.twoNumberButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.plusOperatorButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.oneNumberButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.equalsOperatorButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.result).should('contain.text', '3');
});
it('Verify user able to do Subtraction', () => {
cy.get(selectors.threeNumberButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.minusOperatorButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.oneNumberButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.equalsOperatorButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.result).should('contain.text', '2');
});
it('Verify user able to do Multiplication', () => {
cy.get(selectors.twoNumberButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.multiplyOperatorButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.fiveNumberButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.equalsOperatorButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.result).should('contain.text', '10');
});
it('Verify user able to do Division', () => {
cy.get(selectors.eightNumberButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.divideOperatorButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.twoNumberButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.equalsOperatorButton).click();
cy.get(selectors.result).should('contain.text', '4');
});
});
Let’s create a Selectors.json file to store all the selectors used in automation, assigning them meaningful names for better organization.
The Selector.json file is a crucial part of your test automation framework. It centralizes all the CSS selectors used in your tests, making the code more maintainable and readable. By keeping selectors in a dedicated file, you can easily update or change any element locator without modifying multiple test scripts.
Purpose:
Centralization: All element selectors are stored in one place.
Maintainability: Easy to update selectors if the application’s HTML changes.
Readability: Makes test scripts cleaner and easier to understand by abstracting the actual CSS selectors.
Add the following JSON content to your Selector.json file in the cypress/fixtures directory:
Number Buttons: Selectors for the number buttons (0-9) use the span[onclick=’r(number)’] pattern, identifying the buttons by their onclick attribute values specific to each number.
Operator Buttons: Selectors for the arithmetic operators (plus, minus, multiply, divide) use a similar pattern but include escaped quotes for the operator characters.
Equals Button: The selector for the equals button follows the same pattern, identifying it by its onclick attribute.
Result: The selector for the result display uses an ID (#sciOutPut), directly identifying the output element.
Cancel Button: The selector for the cancel button is included to reset the calculator between tests, ensuring a clean state for each test case.
By utilizing this Selector.json file, your test scripts can reference these selectors with meaningful names, thereby enhancing the clarity and maintainability of your test automation framework for UI.
Advanced Configuration In cypress.config.js:
While installing and Configration of cypress we have created cypress.config.js file. Now we will look at the Advanced configuration in cypress.config.js allows you to tailor Cypress’s behavior to fit the specific needs of your project, optimizing and enhancing the testing process.
Key Benefits:
Customization: You can set up custom configurations to suit your testing environment, such as base URL, default timeouts, viewport size, and more.
Environment Variables: Manage different environment settings, making it easy to switch between development, staging, and production environments.
Plugin Integration: Configure plugins for extended functionality, such as code coverage, visual testing, or integrating with other tools and services.
Reporter Configuration: Customize the output format of your test results, making it easier to integrate with CI/CD pipelines and other reporting tools.
Browser Configuration: Define which browsers to use for testing, including headless mode, to speed up the execution of tests.
Test Execution Control: Set up retries for flaky tests, control the order of test execution, and manage parallel test runs for better resource utilization.
Security: Configure authentication tokens, manage sensitive data securely, and control network requests and responses to mimic real-world scenarios.
This Cypress configuration file (cypress.config.js) sets various options to customize the behavior of Cypress tests. Here’s a breakdown of the configuration for modern UI Automation:
const { defineConfig } = require(“cypress”);: Import defineConfig function from Cypress, which is used to define configuration settings.
module.exports = defineConfig({ … });: Exports the configuration object, which Cypress uses to configure the test environment.
projectId: “CYFW01”: Specifies a unique project ID for identifying the test project. This is useful for organizing and managing tests in CI/CD pipeline.
downloadsFolder: “cypress/downloads”: Sets the folder where files downloaded during tests will be saved.
screenshotsFolder: “cypress/screenshots”: Defines the folder where screenshots taken during tests will be stored, particularly for failed tests.
video: true: Enables video recording of test runs, which can be useful for reviewing test execution and debugging.
screenshotOnRunFailure: true: Configures Cypress to take screenshots automatically when test fails.
chromeWebSecurity: false: Disables web security in Chrome, which can be useful for testing applications that involve cross-origin requests.
trashAssetsBeforeRuns: true: Ensures that previous test artifacts (like screenshots and videos) are deleted before running new tests, keeping the test environment clean.
viewportWidth: 1920 and viewportHeight: 1080: To simulate a screen resolution of 1920×1080 pixels, you can set the default viewport size for tests accordingly.
execTimeout: 10000: Configures the maximum time (in milliseconds) Cypress will wait for commands to execute before timing out.
pageLoadTimeout: 18000: Sets the maximum time (in milliseconds) Cypress will wait for a page to load before timing out.
defaultCommandTimeout: 10000: Defines the default time (in milliseconds) Cypress will wait for commands to complete before timing out.
retries:{ runMode: 1, openMode: 0 }:
runMode: 1: Specifies that Cypress should retry failed tests once when running in CI/CD mode (runMode).
openMode: 0: Indicates that Cypress should not retry failed tests when running interactively (openMode).
e2e: { setupNodeEvents(on, config) { … } }: Provide way to set-up Node.js event listeners for end-to-end tests. This is where you can implement custom logic or plugins to extend Cypress’s functionality.
Executing Test Cases Locally for Modern UI Automation
To run test cases for modern UI Automation, use Cypress commands in your terminal. Cypress supports both headed mode (with a visible browser window) and headless mode (where tests run in the background without displaying a browser window).
Running Test Cases in Headed Mode:
Open your terminal.
Navigate to the directory containing your Cypress tests.
Execute the tests in headed mode using the below command:
npx cypress open
This will open the Cypress Test Runner. Click on “E2E Testing,” select the browser, and run the test case from the list (e.g., calculator.cy.js). Once selected, the test case will execute, and you can see the results in real-time. Screenshots of the local test execution are provided below.
Running Test Cases in Headless Mode:
Headless mode in Cypress refers to running test cases without a visible user interface. This method allows tests to be executed entirely in the background. Here’s how you can set up and run Cypress in headless mode.
To run the test script directly from the command line, use the following command:
npx cypress run –spec “cypress\e2e\Calculator.cy.js” –browser edge
By default, Cypress executes tests in headless mode, but you can also specify it explicitly using the –headless flag:
npx cypress run — headless –spec “cypress\e2e\Calculator.cy.js” –browser edge
This enables efficient and automated test execution without launching the browser UI (UI Automation).
Conclusion
In this blog, we explored how the JavaScript and Cypress framework revolutionize modern UI automation. By leveraging Cypress’s powerful features, such as its intuitive API, robust configuration options, and seamless integration with JavaScript, we were able to effectively test complex web applications.
We delved into practical implementations of modern UI automation such as:
Creating and managing test cases with Cypress, including various operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using a calculator example.
Using advanced configuration in cypress.config.js to tailor the test environment to specific needs, from handling different environments and customizing timeouts to integrating plugins and managing network requests.
Implementing selectors through a Selector.json file to enhance test maintainability and clarity by using descriptive names for elements.
Executing tests locally in both headed and headless modes, providing insights into how to monitor test execution in real-time or run tests in the background.
By incorporating these strategies, we ensure that our web applications not only function correctly but also provide a seamless and reliable user experience. Cypress’s modern approach to UI testing simplifies the automation process, making it easier to handle the dynamic nature of contemporary web applications while maintaining high standards of quality and performance.
I am an SDET Engineer proficient in manual, automation, API, Performance, and Security Testing. My expertise extends to technologies such as Selenium, Cypress, Cucumber, JMeter, OWASP ZAP, Postman, Maven, SQL, GitHub, Java, JavaScript, HTML, and CSS. Additionally, I possess hands-on experience in CI/CD, utilizing GitHub for continuous integration and delivery. My passion for technology drives me to constantly explore and adapt to new advancements in the field.
